Helmuth Ludwig, Global Head of IT at Siemens, is very wary of the fate that can befall seemingly highly successful businesses. He cites the fact that many companies that were part of the Fortune 500 15 years ago are no longer in existence because they were made redundant by a better, digital model.

So at Siemens, he says the business has made a huge effort to invest both time and funds in the future, to make sure that both its product portfolio and internal IT systems are prepared to continue the company’s success in the digital age.